Psychoanalysis is a theory and practice that has evolved significantly since its foundation by Sigmund Freud. Over the years, several approaches and perspectives have emerged within psychoanalysis, reflecting changes in the understanding of the human mind and human relations. In this article, we will explore the differences between classical psychoanalysis and contemporary psychoanalytic psychoanalysis, seeking to understand how these approaches have developed and what they offer to our understanding of the human psyche.
Introduction to classical psychoanalysis
THEpsychoanalysisClassic, founded by Freud, emphasizes the importance of the unconscious in the formation of thoughts, feelings and behaviors. According to this approach, unconscious conflicts, often related to childhood and family relationships, are the basis for many of the psychological problems that people face. Classical psychoanalytic therapy focuses on helping the patient consciously make these conflicts unconscious through dream analysis, free associations and transfer.
This approach is highly structured and often involves a more formal therapeutic setting, with the analyst maintaining a neutral posture to facilitate the projection of the patient’s feelings. The idea is that by making these conflicts conscious, the patient can resolve or better deal with them, leading to positive changes in his life.
Development of contemporary psychoanalysis
Over time, new theories and practices have emerged within psychoanalysis, responding to criticism and limitations perceived in the classical approach. Contemporary psychoanalytics began to question certain aspects of the original Freudian theory, such as the role of the environment and intersubjective relationships in personality formation. This change of focus has led to the development of more relationships oriented approaches and intersubjectivity.
Approaches such as relational psychoanalysis, for example, highlight the importance of interactions between therapist and patient, as well as the patient’s relational experiences outside the therapy session. This perspective sees therapy as an opportunity for the patient to experience new forms of healthy relationships that can counterbalance negative past experiences.
Key differences between classical and contemporary psychoanalysis
One of the main differences between classical and contemporary psychoanalysis is the role of the therapist. In the classic approach, the therapist seeks to maintain a neutral posture to facilitate transfer. In contemporary psychoanalysis, the therapist is seen as an active participant in the therapeutic process, with his own subjectivity influencing the dynamics of the session.
Another significant difference is the emphasis given to relationships and the environment. While classic psychoanalysis focuses on the individual’s internal conflicts, the contemporary approach recognizes the importance of external influences and intersubjectivity in personality formation and the healing process.
Implications for clinical practice
These differences have significant implications for clinical practice. Therapists who follow the classic approach can focus more on dream analysis and resolution of internal conflicts, while those with a contemporary perspective can emphasize the construction of a positive therapeutic relationship and the exploitation of patient’s relational experiences.
In addition, the contemporary approach tends to be more flexible in terms of therapeutic setting and techniques used and can incorporate elements of other therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy or emotion-focused therapy. This allows a more personalized and adaptable approach to the patient’s individual needs.
In short, the differences between classical and contemporary psychoanalytic psychoanalysis reflect significant evolutions in understanding the human mind and relationships. Both approaches have their merits and can be effective in different contexts and for different patients. The key is to understand these differences and apply the approach best suited to each individual’s specific needs.
