Hello, I am João Barros, psychoanalyst and writer, and I am here to explore with you the fundamental differences between two of the main currents of psychoanalysis: Freudian and Lacanian formation. These two approaches have been central to understanding the human mind and the treatment of psychological disorders, but they present different perspectives on the functioning of the psyche.
Introduction to Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis, founded by Sigmund Freud, is a clinical theory and practice that seeks to understand the human mind and treat psychological disorders. It is based on the idea that our behavior and thoughts are influenced by unconscious processes, which can be revealed through dream analysis, linguistic lapses and other manifestations of the unconscious.
Freudian formation is the original base ofpsychoanalysis, focusing on the structure of personality (id, ego and superego) and the role of internal conflicts in the formation of symptoms. The Lacanian approach, developed by Jacques Lacan, introduces concepts such as the “other” and the “mirror”, highlighting the importance of language and relationship with others in the constitution of the self.
Freudian Formation: Basic Concepts
Freudian formation focuses on the idea that the human personality is composed of three main parts: ID, the ego and the superego. ID represents primitive instincts and basic needs, while the ego acts as a kind of “mediator” between id and external reality. The superego, in turn, incorporates internalized moral standards, guiding behavior according to consciousness.
In addition, Freud also explored the idea of the stages of psychosexual development, suggesting that personality develops through a series of phases, each associated with a different erogenous zone. These concepts form the basis of Freudian theory and are essential to understanding how internal conflicts can lead to the emergence of psychological symptoms.
The Lacanian approach: the role of language
Jacques Lacan, a French psychoanalyst, has developed a theory that challenges some of Freud’s fundamental principles. For Lacan, language plays a central role in the formation of the self and the constitution of reality. He introduced the concept of the “other”, referring to the person or entity with whom we relate and that influences our perception of ourselves.
Lacan is also known for his “mirror stage” theory, which suggests that babies develop a sense of identity when they are reflected in a mirror. This initial experience of self-awareness is crucial to the formation of the notion of Self and the understanding of how we see each other in relation to others.
Clinical implications: differences in practice
The differences between Freudian and Lacanian approaches have significant implications on clinical practice. A Freudian therapist can focus on helping the patient explore their internal conflicts and understand how these conflicts contribute to symptoms. Already a Lacanian therapist can focus more on the language and relationships of the patient, seeking to understand how these dynamics shape the perception of oneself and reality.
These different approaches do not mean that one is better than the other; They simply offer unique perspectives on the functioning of the human psyche. The choice between one approach or another often depends on the patient’s specific needs and the therapist’s theoretical orientation.
Conclusion: The richness of diversity in psychoanalysis
In short, Freudian and Lacanian formations represent two important aspects of psychoanalysis, each with its own contributions to understanding the human mind. While Freud focuses on internal processes and personality structure, Lacan highlights the role of language and relationships in self development.
Diversity within psychoanalysis is one of its strengths, allowing professionals and patients to explore different ways in search of understanding and healing. By recognizing and appreciating these differences, we can enrich our knowledge about the complexity of human experience and develop more effective and personalized therapeutic approaches.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Freudian training?
Freudian formation refers to the theories and practices developed by Sigmund Freud, considered the father of psychoanalysis. This approach focuses on the exploitation of the unconscious, the resolution of internal conflicts and the understanding of the psychic processes that influence human behavior. Freudian formation is based on concepts such as ID, Ego and Superego, as well as the importance of childhood and early experiences in personality formation.
What is Lacanian training?
Lacanian formation is based on Jacques Lacan’s theories, a French psychoanalyst who developed an innovative and critical approach to Freud’s ideas. Lacanian formation highlights the importance of language and symbolic in the constitution of the subject, introducing concepts such as the “stage of the mirror” and the notion that the self is an imaginary construction. Lacan also explored the relationship between the real, the symbolic and the imaginary in the structuring of the human psyche.
What is the main difference between Freudian and Lacanian approaches?
The main difference lies in the way each approach understands the constitution of the subject and the role of language in this process. While Freud focuses more on biological aspects and psychic structures (ID, ego, superego), Lacan highlights the importance of language and symbolic in the formation of identity and subjective experience. In addition, Lacan criticizes the notion of a unitary and coherent self, proposing a more fragmented and decentralized view of the subject.
How do Freudian and Lacanian approaches differ in terms of therapeutic techniques?
Therapeutic techniques also reflect the theoretical differences between the two approaches. Freudian psychoanalysis traditionally involves free association, dream interpretation and resistance analysis, with the aim of revealing and resolving unconscious conflicts. The Lacanian approach can incorporate elements such as the “variable time session” and greater attention to the linguistic and symbolic structure of the patient’s communications, seeking to unveil the signifiers that organize their subjective experience.
What is the impact of choice between Freudian and Lacanian approaches on clinical practice?
The choice between Freudian and Lacanian approaches can significantly influence the way the therapist understands and addresses the patient’s problems. A Freudian approach can lead to a more directed focus on aspects such as resolution of internal conflicts and understanding of early family dynamics. A Lacanian approach can guide the therapist to explore the symbolic and linguistic structures that underlie the patient’s experience, potentially revealing new perspectives on his condition. Ultimately, the choice of approach depends on the patient’s specific needs and the therapist’s theoretical and clinical formation.
